--- title: Test Protocols description:   --- [Skip to the main content.](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#main-content) [![eforto-logo-full-500](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/logos/eforto-logo-full-500.png?width=500&height=110&name=eforto-logo-full-500.png "eforto-logo-full-500")](https://www.eforto.com?hsLang=en) [![Eforto health](https://www.eforto.com/hubfs/Eforto.svg "Eforto health")](https://www.eforto.com?hsLang=en) - [ Application Fields ](https://www.eforto.com/applications) - [ Health & Fitness ](https://www.eforto.com/health-fitness) - [ Medical & Healthcare ](https://www.eforto.com/medical-healthcare) - [ Clinical Research ](https://www.eforto.com/clinical-research) - [ Longevity Experts ](https://eforto-146222511.hs-sites-eu1.com/longevity-experts) - [ Solutions ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#) - [ Kiosk Screening ](https://www.eforto.com/kiosk-screening) - [ Frailty Assessment ](https://www.eforto.com/frailty-assessment) - [ Recovery Monitoring ](https://www.eforto.com/recovery-monitoring) - [ Remote Monitoring ](https://www.eforto.com/remote-monitoring) - [ System ](https://www.eforto.com/system) - [ Biomarkers ](https://www.eforto.com/grip-strength) - [ Grip Strength ](https://www.eforto.com/grip-strength) - [ Muscle Fatigability ](https://www.eforto.com/muscle-fatigability) - [ Vitality Capacity ](https://www.eforto.com/vitality-capacity) - [ Other biomarkers ](https://www.eforto.com/other-biomarkers) - [ Evidence ](https://www.eforto.com/evidence) - [ Resources ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#) - [ FAQ ](https://www.eforto.com/faq) - [ Test Protocols ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols) - [ Shop ](https://eforto.odoo.com/shop) - [ About us ](https://www.eforto.com/about-us) - [ Contact us ](https://www.eforto.com/contact) Search [ Schedule a call ](https://app.reclaim.ai/m/eforto/eforto-video-call) Toggle Menu Search Toggle Menu [ Schedule a call ](https://app.reclaim.ai/m/eforto/eforto-video-call) - [ Application Fields ](https://www.eforto.com/applications) - [ Health & Fitness ](https://www.eforto.com/health-fitness) - [ Medical & Healthcare ](https://www.eforto.com/medical-healthcare) - [ Clinical Research ](https://www.eforto.com/clinical-research) - [ Longevity Experts ](https://eforto-146222511.hs-sites-eu1.com/longevity-experts) - [ Solutions ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#) - [ Kiosk Screening ](https://www.eforto.com/kiosk-screening) - [ Frailty Assessment ](https://www.eforto.com/frailty-assessment) - [ Recovery Monitoring ](https://www.eforto.com/recovery-monitoring) - [ Remote Monitoring ](https://www.eforto.com/remote-monitoring) - [ System ](https://www.eforto.com/system) - [ Biomarkers ](https://www.eforto.com/grip-strength) - [ Grip Strength ](https://www.eforto.com/grip-strength) - [ Muscle Fatigability ](https://www.eforto.com/muscle-fatigability) - [ Vitality Capacity ](https://www.eforto.com/vitality-capacity) - [ Other biomarkers ](https://www.eforto.com/other-biomarkers) - [ Evidence ](https://www.eforto.com/evidence) - [ Resources ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#) - [ FAQ ](https://www.eforto.com/faq) - [ Test Protocols ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols) - [ Shop ](https://eforto.odoo.com/shop) - [ About us ](https://www.eforto.com/about-us) - [ Contact us ](https://www.eforto.com/contact) # Eforto® Test Protocols ##### Eforto® is a configurable digital health system allowing to quantify and monitor different domains of intrinsic capacity, the composite of physical and mental abilities that determine overall health and resilience. At its core, Eforto measures vitality capacity (physical reserves) through a standardized 5-minute effort test, providing an objective and repeatable assessment of muscle strength and fatigue. The system is modular and configurable, offering tailored protocols for different clinical and preventive use cases. | Protocol --- Included tests | [![Eforto-grip](https://www.eforto.com/hubfs/Eforto-2025/icons/Eforto-grip.svg) Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#efortogrip) | [![Eforto-Muscle](https://www.eforto.com/hubfs/Eforto-2025/icons/Eforto-Muscle.svg) Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#efortomuscle) | [![Eforto-vitality](https://www.eforto.com/hubfs/Eforto-2025/icons/Eforto-vitality.svg) Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#efortovitality) | [![Eforto-fatigue](https://www.eforto.com/hubfs/Eforto-2025/icons/Eforto-fatigue.svg) Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#efortofatigue) | [![Eforto-fallrisk](https://www.eforto.com/hubfs/Eforto-2025/icons/Eforto-fallrisk.svg) Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#efortofallrisk) | [![Eforto-frailty](https://www.eforto.com/hubfs/Eforto-2025/icons/Eforto-frailty.svg) Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#efortofrailty) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Grip strength Grip peak force | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#gripstrength) | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#mct) | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#vitalitycapacity) | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#multi_fatigue) | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#efortofallrisk) | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#efortofrailty_vitalitycapacity) | | Muscle fatigability Sustained grip strength (grip work) | | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#mct) | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#vitalitycapacity) | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#multi_fatigue) | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#efortofallrisk) | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#efortofrailty_vitalitycapacity) | | Self-perceived fatigue MFI 20 - physical dimension only | | | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#vitalitycapacity) | | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#efortofallrisk) | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#efortofrailty_vitalitycapacity) | | Self-perceived fatigue MFI 20 - all dimensions | | | | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#multi_fatigue) | | | | Vitality capacity Capacity-to-perceived vitality ratio (CPV-ratio) | | | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#vitalitycapacity) | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#multi_fatigue) | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#efortofallrisk) | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#efortofrailty_vitalitycapacity) | | Fall risk Validated fall risk questionnaire | | | | | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#efortofallrisk) | | | Exhaustion 2 questions from the CES-D | | | | | | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#eq) | | Body composition and malnutrition measurements Waist and calf circumference | | | | | | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#bcmm) | | Balance Balance test | | | | | | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#balance) | | Gait speed 4-meter gait speed test | | | | | | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#gst) | | Lower-body strength 30-second chair stand test | | | | | | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#cst) | | Physical activity level Validated physical activity question | | | | | | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#paq) | | Unintentional weight loss Validated weight loss question | | | | | | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#wlq) | | Risk factors Incontinence, oral health, and psychosocial well-being | | | | | | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#rfq) | | Mini mental state examination Validated cognitive assessment | | | | | | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#mmse) | | Comments about the testing Notes for treating physician | | | | | | [ Click to select the protocol ](https://www.eforto.com/test-protocols#cat) | The Eforto grip protocol measures maximal grip strength using the Eforto Vigorimeter. Participants perform three maximal grip efforts, with the highest value representing neuromuscular strength and physical reserve capacity. Maximal grip strength test ![](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/undefined-Nov-27-2025-11-10-11-0556-AM.png?width=202&height=67&name=undefined-Nov-27-2025-11-10-11-0556-AM.png) The maximal grip strength test assesses an individual’s maximal handgrip force using the Eforto Vigorimeter. Participants perform three consecutive maximal grip efforts, each separated by a short rest of 30 seconds. The highest value of the three trials is reported as maximal grip strength, providing a reliable indicator of neuro-muscular function and overall muscle strength.1 Maximal grip strength is predictive for future function, bone mineral density, fractures, cognition, depression, multimorbidity, hospitalization complications, all-cause and disease-specific mortality.2 **Key outcome:** [maximal grip strength](https://www.eforto.com/grip-strength?hsLang=en) **Duration:** ~2 minutes ![Max grip 1 new](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Max%20grip%201%20new.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Max%20grip%201%20new.png) ![Max grip 2 new](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Max%20grip%202%20new.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Max%20grip%202%20new.png) ![Max grip 3 new](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Max%20grip%203%20new.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Max%20grip%203%20new.png) ![Max grip 4 new](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Max%20grip%204%20new.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Max%20grip%204%20new.png) The Eforto muscle protocol combines the maximal grip strength test with a fatigue resistance task to assess muscle fatigability and endurance. Muscle capacity test ![](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/undefined-Nov-27-2025-11-34-23-8862-AM.png?width=354&height=67&name=undefined-Nov-27-2025-11-34-23-8862-AM.png) The muscle capacity test builds on the maximal grip strength assessment by adding a fatigue resistance measurement. Participants first complete three maximal grip efforts, after which they perform a sustained grip measurement until exhaustion. The Eforto Vigorimeter records pressure output continuously to determine when the participant’s strength drops below 50% of their maximal grip strength. Based on that, it calculates the following outcomes: - Grip work: total effort calculated from the area under the force-time curve.3 - Grip work / kg: grip work corrected for body weight.3 - Fatigue resistance: time of sustained grip above 50% of max strength.3 These muscle fatigability biomarkers are a clinical indicator for energy metabolism, resilience and inflammation (IL-6, TNF-α ).4-6 In addition, muscle fatigability is sensitive to early, subtle changes in muscle health, inflammation and recovery 7-9, and predictive for recovery after discharge.10,11 **Key outcomes:** [maximal grip strength](https://www.eforto.com/grip-strength?hsLang=en) and [muscle fatigability](https://www.eforto.com/muscle-fatigability?hsLang=en) (grip work, grip work/kg, fatigue resistance) **Approximate duration:** ~3 minutes ![Muscle capacity test 0](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Muscle%20capacity%20test%200.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Muscle%20capacity%20test%200.png) ![Muscle capacity test 1](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Muscle%20capacity%20test%201.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Muscle%20capacity%20test%201.png) ![Muscle capacity test 2](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Muscle%20capacity%20test%202.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Muscle%20capacity%20test%202.png) ![Muscle capacity test 3](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Muscle%20capacity%20test%203.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Muscle%20capacity%20test%203.png) ![Muscle capacity test 4](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Muscle%20capacity%20test%204.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Muscle%20capacity%20test%204.png) The Eforto vitality protocol measures vitality capacity to support screening and early detection of sub-clinical frailty (e.g. in pharmacies or primary care). Vitality capacity test ![](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/undefined-Nov-27-2025-12-56-48-4425-PM.png?width=383&height=60&name=undefined-Nov-27-2025-12-56-48-4425-PM.png) The vitality capacity test integrates both physical and subjective measures of fatigue. Participants first complete three maximal grip efforts, after which they perform a sustained grip measurement until exhaustion. Additionally, they complete a short 4-item physical fatigue questionnaire, which is based on the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory.12 Using the muscle fatigability and self-perceived fatigue results, the system calculates the participant’s vitality capacity (Capacity-to-Perceived-Vitality ratio), a novel biomarker, aligned with the WHO Intrinsic Capacity framework.4 Capacity-to-perceived vitality ratio = grip work / (body weight * physical fatigue) Vitality capacity detects sub-clinical frailty and fatigue early4 and predicts loss of gait speed, balance and ADL in older persons.13 **Key outcomes:** [maximal grip strength](https://www.eforto.com/grip-strength?hsLang=en), [muscle fatigability](https://www.eforto.com/muscle-fatigability?hsLang=en) (grip work, grip work/kg, fatigue resistance), physical fatigue (score), and [vitality capacity](https://www.eforto.com/vitality-capacity?hsLang=en) (CPV-ratio) **Approximate duration:** ~3-5 minutes ![Vitality capacity test 1](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Vitality%20capacity%20test%201.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Vitality%20capacity%20test%201.png) ![Vitality capacity test 2](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Vitality%20capacity%20test%202.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Vitality%20capacity%20test%202.png) ![Vitality capacity test 3](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Vitality%20capacity%20test%203.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Vitality%20capacity%20test%203.png) ![Vitality capacity test 4](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Vitality%20capacity%20test%204.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Vitality%20capacity%20test%204.png) ![Muscle capacity test 5](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Muscle%20capacity%20test%205.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Muscle%20capacity%20test%205.png) The Eforto fatigue protocol combines the vitality test with comprehensive fatigue questionnaires (such as the MFI-20) for a deeper, multidimensional evaluation of fatigue and recovery. Multi fatigue test **![](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/undefined-Nov-27-2025-12-53-08-3158-PM.png?width=416&height=60&name=undefined-Nov-27-2025-12-53-08-3158-PM.png)** The multi fatigue test integrates both physical and subjective measures of fatigue. Participants first complete three maximal grip efforts, after which they perform a sustained grip measurement until exhaustion. In addition, the multi fatigue test provides a detailed assessment of perceived fatigue using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) questionnaire, consisting of 20 items across five domains: general fatigue, physical fatigue, mental fatigue, reduced motivation, and reduced activity. Participants can complete the questionnaire independently, and responses are scored to provide both domain-specific values and an overall fatigue profile.12 **Key outcomes:** [maximal grip strength](https://www.eforto.com/grip-strength?hsLang=en), [muscle fatigability](https://www.eforto.com/muscle-fatigability?hsLang=en) (grip work, grip work/kg, fatigue resistance), [vitality capacity](https://www.eforto.com/vitality-capacity?hsLang=en) (CPV-ratio), subscale scores for general fatigue, physical fatigue, mental fatigue, reduced motivation, reduced activity, and total fatigue score **Approximate duration:** ~5-7 minutes ![Multi fatique 1](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Multi%20fatique%201.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Multi%20fatique%201.png) ![Multi fatique 2](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Multi%20fatique%202.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Multi%20fatique%202.png) ![Multi fatique 3](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Multi%20fatique%203.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Multi%20fatique%203.png) ![Multi fatique 4](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Multi%20fatique%204.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Multi%20fatique%204.png) The Eforto frailty protocol provides a comprehensive assessment of physical frailty, integrating vitality and locomotor tests (e.g., chair stand, gait speed) to support diagnostic workflows. Vitality capacity test ![](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/undefined-Nov-27-2025-12-56-48-4425-PM.png?width=383&height=60&name=undefined-Nov-27-2025-12-56-48-4425-PM.png) The vitality capacity test integrates both physical and subjective measures of fatigue. Participants first complete three maximal grip efforts, after which they perform a sustained grip measurement until exhaustion. Additionally, they complete a short 4-item physical fatigue questionnaire, which is based on the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory.12 Using the muscle fatigability and self-perceived fatigue results, the system calculates the participant’s vitality capacity (Capacity-to-Perceived-Vitality ratio), a novel biomarker, aligned with the WHO Intrinsic Capacity framework.4 Capacity-to-perceived vitality ratio = grip work / (body weight * physical fatigue) Vitality capacity detects sub-clinical frailty and fatigue early 4 and predicts loss of gait speed, balance and ADL in older persons.13 **Key outcomes:** [maximal grip strength](https://www.eforto.com/grip-strength?hsLang=en), [muscle fatigability](https://www.eforto.com/muscle-fatigability?hsLang=en) (grip work, grip work/kg, fatigue resistance), physical fatigue (score), and [vitality capacity](https://www.eforto.com/vitality-capacity?hsLang=en) (CPV-ratio) **Approximate duration:** ~3-5 minutes ![Vitality capacity1](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Vitality%20capacity1.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Vitality%20capacity1.png) ![Vitality capacity2](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Vitality%20capacity2.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Vitality%20capacity2.png) ![Vitality capacity3](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Vitality%20capacity3.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Vitality%20capacity3.png) ![Vitality capacity4](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Vitality%20capacity4.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Vitality%20capacity4.png) ![Vitality capacity5](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Vitality%20capacity5.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Vitality%20capacity5.png) Balance test The progressive balance test assesses static balance and postural control, key elements of locomotor and functional capacity. The test consists of three increasingly challenging standing positions: 1. Side-by-side stand: feet together, side by side. 2. Semi-tandem stand: the heel of one foot placed beside the big toe of the other foot. 3. Tandem stand: one foot placed directly in front of the other, heel to toe. Participants are instructed to maintain each position for up to 10 seconds without support. If a participant cannot hold a position for the full duration, the test stops at that level. The assessment progresses only if the previous stance is successfully maintained. **Key outcomes:** balance score, duration held for each standing position **Approximate duration:** ~3 minutes ![Balance test 1](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Balance%20test%201.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Balance%20test%201.png) ![Balance test 2](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Balance%20test%202.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Balance%20test%202.png) ![Balance test 3](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Balance%20test%203.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Balance%20test%203.png) ![Balance test 4](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Balance%20test%204.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Balance%20test%204.png) 4-meter gait speed test The 4-meter gait speed test evaluates walking speed, a key indicator of locomotor capacity, functional mobility, and overall frailty risk. Participants are instructed to walk at their usual, comfortable pace along a straight 4-meter course. Timing starts when the first foot crosses the start line and stops when the first foot crosses the 4-meter mark. The test is repeated twice, and the fastest time is used to calculate gait speed (in meters per second). **Key outcomes:** gait speed **Approximate duration:** ~2 minutes ![Gait speed test 1](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Gait%20speed%20test%201.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Gait%20speed%20test%201.png) ![Gait speed test 2](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Gait%20speed%20test%202.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Gait%20speed%20test%202.png) ![Gait speed test 3](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Gait%20speed%20test%203.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Gait%20speed%20test%203.png) ![Gait speed test 4](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Gait%20speed%20test%204.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Gait%20speed%20test%204.png) 30-second chair stand test The 30-second chair stand test assesses lower-body strength and functional mobility, key components of locomotor capacity. Participants sit upright in a standard chair, feet flat on the floor, and arms crossed over the chest. On the signal, they repeatedly stand up and sit down as many times as possible within 30 seconds without using their arms for support. The assessor counts the total number of completed stands within the time limit. **Key outcomes:** number of completed chair stands in 30 seconds (indicator of lower-limb strength and endurance) **Approximate duration:** ~2 minutes ![chair stand test 1](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/chair%20stand%20test%201.png?width=845&height=1698&name=chair%20stand%20test%201.png) ![chair stand test 2](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/chair%20stand%20test%202.png?width=845&height=1698&name=chair%20stand%20test%202.png) ![chair stand test 3](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/chair%20stand%20test%203.png?width=845&height=1698&name=chair%20stand%20test%203.png) ![chair stand test 4](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/chair%20stand%20test%204.png?width=845&height=1698&name=chair%20stand%20test%204.png) Physical activity questionnaire The physical activity questionnaire is a brief self-reported assessment used to estimate a person’s general level of physical activity. This measure provides a quick indicator of whether the individual meets the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation for daily moderate-intensity physical activity, serving as a simple screening tool for lifestyle-related vitality and mobility support. **Key outcomes: **self-reported physical activity status **Approximate duration:** ~1 minute ![Physical activity questionnaire 1](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Physical%20activity%20questionnaire%201.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Physical%20activity%20questionnaire%201.png) ![Physical activity questionnaire 2](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Physical%20activity%20questionnaire%202.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Physical%20activity%20questionnaire%202.png) ![Physical activity questionnaire 3](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Physical%20activity%20questionnaire%203.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Physical%20activity%20questionnaire%203.png) Weight loss questionnaire The weight loss questionnaire is a short self-reported screening tool used to identify unintentional weight loss, an important indicator of frailty and potential nutritional risk. When a person loses more than 4.5 kg unintentionally over a period of a year, this qualifies as unintentional weight loss. This measure contributes to the evaluation of vitality and frailty risk within the intrinsic capacity framework. **Key outcomes: **self-reported unintentional weight loss status **Approximate duration: **~1 minute ![Weight loss questionnaire 1](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Weight%20loss%20questionnaire%201.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Weight%20loss%20questionnaire%201.png) ![Weight loss questionnaire 2](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Weight%20loss%20questionnaire%202.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Weight%20loss%20questionnaire%202.png) ![Weight loss questionnaire 3](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Weight%20loss%20questionnaire%203.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Weight%20loss%20questionnaire%203.png) Exhaustion questionnaire The exhaustion questionnaire is a brief self-reported measure used to assess perceived fatigue and low energy, which are key indicators of reduced vitality and potential frailty. It consists of two questions from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). A positive response to one or both questions suggests self-reported exhaustion, contributing to the evaluation of vitality and physical resilience within the intrinsic capacity framework. **Key outcomes: **self-reported exhaustion status **Approximate duration:** ~1 minute ![Exhaustion questionnaire 1](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Exhaustion%20questionnaire%201.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Exhaustion%20questionnaire%201.png) ![Exhaustion questionnaire 2](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Exhaustion%20questionnaire%202.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Exhaustion%20questionnaire%202.png) ![Exhaustion questionnaire 3](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Exhaustion%20questionnaire%203.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Exhaustion%20questionnaire%203.png) Body composition and malnutrition measurements The body composition and malnutrition measurements assess malnutrition and muscle atrophy using simple anthropometric indicators. The test consists of two circumference measurements: 1. Waist circumference 2. Calf circumference **Key outcomes:** waist circumference, calf circumference **Approximate duration:** ~2 minutes ![Body composition 1](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Body%20composition%201.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Body%20composition%201.png) ![Body composition 2](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Body%20composition%202.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Body%20composition%202.png) ![Body composition 3](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Body%20composition%203.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Body%20composition%203.png) Risk factors questionnaire The risk factors questionnaire is a brief, self-reported screening tool designed to identify key health, psychological, and social risk factors that may contribute to declining intrinsic capacity or frailty. It includes questions across several domains related to continence, oral health, and psychosocial well-being. Responses are used to highlight potential modifiable risk factors and provide a quick overview of the participant’s mental, emotional, and social well-being, complementing the physical assessments. **Key outcomes:** presence or absence of risk factors related to continence, oral health, and psychosocial well-being **Approximate duration:** ~3-4 minutes ![Risk factors questionnaire 1](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Risk%20factors%20questionnaire%201.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Risk%20factors%20questionnaire%201.png) ![Risk factors questionnaire 2](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Risk%20factors%20questionnaire%202.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Risk%20factors%20questionnaire%202.png) ![Risk factors questionnaire 3](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Risk%20factors%20questionnaire%203.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Risk%20factors%20questionnaire%203.png) ![Risk factors questionnaire 4](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Risk%20factors%20questionnaire%204.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Risk%20factors%20questionnaire%204.png) Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) The Mini Mental State Examination should be administered only if there is reason to suspect cognitive difficulties, for example when a person does not understand or follow the instructions during physical tests. The Mini-Mental State Examination is a standardized cognitive screening test designed to evaluate global cognitive function. It assesses several key domains, including orientation, attention, memory, language, and visuospatial ability. It provides an overall measure of cognitive status and is widely used for screening cognitive impairment, monitoring changes over time, and supporting frailty and intrinsic capacity assessment. A score below 25 indicates cognitive impairment. **Key outcomes:** cognitive impairment (total MMSE score) **Approximate duration:** ~7–10 minutes ![MMSE 1](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/MMSE%201.png?width=845&height=1698&name=MMSE%201.png) ![MMSE 2](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/MMSE%202.png?width=845&height=1698&name=MMSE%202.png) ![MMSE 3](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/MMSE%203.png?width=845&height=1698&name=MMSE%203.png) Comments about the testing The healthcare professional can add notes during testing, which will appear in the final frailty assessment report. ![Comments about the testing 1](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Comments%20about%20the%20testing%201.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Comments%20about%20the%20testing%201.png) ![Comments about the testing 2](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Comments%20about%20the%20testing%202.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Comments%20about%20the%20testing%202.png) ![Comments about the testing 3](https://www.eforto.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Eforto-2025/image/Comments%20about%20the%20testing%203.png?width=845&height=1698&name=Comments%20about%20the%20testing%203.png) More info soon More info soon More info soon ### List of References 1. Vaishya R., Misra A., Vaish A., et al., 2024. Hand grip strength as a proposed new vital sign of health. *J Health Popul Nutr*, 43(1), p.7. 2. Bohannon R.W., — (single author, no et al.), 2019. Grip strength as an indispensable biomarker for older adults. *Clin Interv Aging*, pp.1681–1691. 3. Bautmans I., Onyema O., Van Puyvelde K., et al., 2011. Grip work estimation during sustained contraction and its clinical relevance in the elderly. *J Nutr Health Aging*, 15(8), pp.731–736. 4. Bautmans I., Knoop V., Thiyagarajan J.A., et al., 2022. WHO working definition of vitality capacity. *Lancet Healthy Longevity*, 3(11), pp.e789–e796. 5. Mets T., Bautmans I., Njemini R., et al., 2004. Influence of celecoxib on muscle fatigue resistance in elderly patients. *Am J Geriatr Pharmacother*, 2(4), pp.230–238. 6. De Dobbeleer L., Beyer I., Njemini R., et al., 2017. Force-time characteristics of sustained handgrip across age and clinical conditions. *Exp Gerontol*, 98, pp.192–198. 7. Eldadah B.A., 2010. Fatigue and fatigability in older adults. PM&R, 2(5), pp.406–413. 8. Bautmans I., Njemini R., De Backer J., et al., 2010. Surgery-induced inflammation, muscle endurance, and fatigue in relation to age. *J Gerontol A*, 65(3), pp.266–273. 9. Coppers B., Heinrich S., Bayat S., et al., 2024. Reduced hand function and disease activity in RA and PsA. *Ann Rheum Dis*, 83, p.1342. 10. Swart M., Geerds M., Bautmans I., et al., 2024. Grip-work indicators and post-discharge recovery in geriatric/hip-fracture inpatients. *Age and Ageing* (under review). 11. Gijzel S.M., van de Leemput I.A., Scheffer M., et al., 2019. Resilience indicators in postural balance linked to successful aging. *J Gerontol A*, 74(7), pp.1119–1126. 12. Smets E.M.A., Garssen B., Bonke B.D., et al., 1995. Psychometric qualities of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI). *J Psychosom Res*, 39(3), pp.315–325. 13. Knoop V., Costenoble A., Debain A., et al., 2023. Muscle endurance and fatigue predicting decline in gait speed & ADLs: BUTTERFLY study. *J Gerontol A*, 78(8), pp.1402–1409. 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